1.1切削加工概述

切削cutting; 加工 machining;

金屬切削 metal cutting (metal removal); 金屬切削工藝 metal-removal process; 金屬工藝學 technology of metals; 機器制造machine-building; 機械加工 machining; 冷加工 cold machining； 熱加工 hot working; 工件 workpiece; 切屑chip;

常見得加工方法 universal machining method; 鉆削drilling; 鏜削 boring; 車削 turning； 磨削 grinding; 銑削 milling; 刨削 planning; 插削slotting 銼filing 劃線lineation; 鏨切carving; 鋸sawing; 刮削facing; 鉆孔boring; 攻絲 tap;

1.2零件表面構(gòu)成及成形方法

變形力 deforming force;

變形 deformation; 幾何形狀 geometrical; 尺寸dimension 精度 precision;

表面光潔度 surface finish; 共軛曲線 conjugate curve; 范成法 generation method; 軸 shaft;

1.3機床得切削運動及切削要素

主運動 main movement;

主運動方向 direction of main movement; 進給方向 direction of feed; 進給運動 feed movement;

合成進給運動 resultant movement of feed; 合成切削運動 resultant movement of cutting;

合成切削運動方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削速度 cutting speed; 傳動 drive/transmission; 切削用量 cutting parameters; 切削速度 cutting speed; 切削深度 depth of cut; 進給速度 feed force; 切削功率 cutting power;

1.4金屬切削刀具

合金工具鋼alloy tool steel; 高速鋼 high-speed steel; 硬質(zhì)合金 hard alloy; 易加工 ease of manufacturing 切削刀具 cutting tool;刀具 cutter; 車刀 lathe tool;

主切削刃 main cutting edge; 副切削刃assistant cutting edge; 刀體 tool body 刀柄tool shank; 前刀面 rake face; 主后刀面 major flank; 刀尖 nose of tool;

主剖面系tool orthogonal plane system; 切削平面 tool cutting edge plane; 主剖面 tool orthogonal plane; 切削寬度 width of the uncut chip;

進給平面系 assumed working plane system; 加工表面 transient surface; 前角 rake angle; 后角 clearance angle; 主偏角 tool cutting edge angle; 刀尖角nose angle;

1.5刀具切削過程及磨削機理

塑性變形 plastic distortion; 微觀組織，顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure 切削力cutting force; 切削溫度 cutting temperature; 積屑瘤built-up edge; 刀尖磨損nose wear; 月牙洼crater;

殘留應(yīng)力 residual stress; 應(yīng)力 stress; 硬度 rigidity;磨削grinding; 砂輪 grinding wheel; 磨粒grain; 剪切 shear; 摩擦 friction; 內(nèi)力 internal force

1.6~1.8 切削加工質(zhì)量、材料得切削加工性、切削液得選擇

加工精度 machining accuracy; 表面質(zhì)量 surface finish;

工藝性能technological performance;

材料切削加工性指標 machinability index of material; 切削液 cutting fluid 切削油 cutting oil;

1.9 件得裝夾及夾具

定位梢 dowel; 定位 allocation; 機床夾具 jig; 組裝線Assembly line; 機械零件 mechanical parts; 鉗工 locksmith； 精加工 finish machining; 粗加工 rough machining; 氣動夾緊 pneuma-lock; 同心，同心度concentricity 垂直度perpendicular; 基準 benchmark; 基準線 reference line; 夾具 fixture;

通用夾具 universal fixture;專用夾具 Fixture for special purpose; 可調(diào)夾具adjustable fixture; 組合夾具 modular fixture; 工序 process;

設(shè)計基準designing datum; 工藝基準 datum features in process;

1.10 金屬切削機床

機床 machine tool;

機床運動 motion of machine; 機床型號 machine tool model;

機床加工精度 machining accuracy of machine tool; 車床 lathe;

普通車床engine lathe; 臥式車床horizontal lathe; 立式車床 vertical lathe; 鉆床drill press; 鏜床boring machine; 銑床 milling machine;

磨床 grinder（grinding machine）; 牛頭刨床shaper; 龍門刨床planer;

插床 slotting machine（slotter）

一、車削

車削 turning; 車刀 lathe tool 車床 lathe

普通車床engine lathe; 臥式車床horizontal lathe;

立式車床 vertical lathe;

仿形車床 duplicating lathe (copy lathe); 轉(zhuǎn)塔車床turret lathe; 細長軸 long slender shaft 縱向車削 straight turning; 錐體車削 taper turning; 仿形車削 contour turning; 端面車削 facing;

回轉(zhuǎn)表面 surface of revolution; 平面 flat surface; 圓面round surface

仿形表面contoured surface 退刀槽recess 卡盤 chuck; 尾架tailstock;

床頭箱，主軸箱headstock; 銷 pin; 卡箍 bar clasp; 花盤faceplate; 主軸 spindle;

二、鉆削

鉆削drilling; 鉆床drill press; 鉆頭 drill; 锪孔counter boring; 內(nèi)表面internal surface 鉸孔、擴孔reaming; 攻絲 tapping;

孔加工 spot facing machining; 鉸 ream; 鉸刀 reamer; 盲孔blind hole; 麻花鉆 twist drill; 埋頭孔countersink; 錐柄taper shank;

三、鏜削

鏜削 bore;

鏜床boring machine; 鏜桿boring bar 縱向鏜削straight boring; 表面光潔度 surface finish;

臥式鏜孔機horizontal boring machine;

四 、 銑削

銑削mill;

銑床 milling machine 銑刀 milling cutter; 縫Slot 槽groove; 平面 flat surface; 圓面round surface 仿形表面contoured surface; 周銑Peripheral milling

端銑face milling; multi model miller; 靠模銑床; copy milling machine; 仿形銑床 ; contouring machine;

五、磨削

磨削grinding;

磨床 grinder（grinding machine）; 外圓磨削 external grinding;

內(nèi)圓磨削 internal grinding(cylindrical grinding); 平面磨削 plane grinding abrasive; 外圓磨床cylindrical grinding machine; 平面磨床surface grinder;

外圓磨床cylindrical grinding machine 內(nèi)圓磨床internal cylindrical machine; 成形磨床form grinding machine; 仿形磨床copy grinding machine

萬事都有可能工具磨床universal tool grinding machine;

六、拉削

拉削broaching; 拉床 broaching machine; 拉刀 broaching tool;

外表面拉削 external surface broaching; 內(nèi)表面拉削internal surface broaching; 多功能機床 multifunction machine; 多齒刀具 multitooth tool; 切屑槽 chip gullet;

七、刨削

刨削planning; 牛頭刨床shaper; 龍門刨床planer; 龍門刨削 planning;

旋臂刨床 radial drilling machine 仿形刨床copy shaping machine;

八、 齒輪加工

齒輪加工gear machining; 齒輪 gear; 滾齒 gear hobbing; 滾齒刀 hobbing cutter;

直齒圓柱齒輪 straight toothed spur gear; 斜齒圓柱齒輪 helical-spur gear; 直齒錐齒輪 straight bevel gear 齒輪齒條 pinion and rack; 蝸桿蝸輪 worm and worm gear;

九、螺紋加工

螺紋加工thread machining; 螺紋切削thread cutting; 攻絲 tapping; 絲錐tap; 板牙die; 螺釘 screw;

標準件 standard component; 位移 displacement 截面 section;

十、光整加工

光整加工 micro finishing; 研磨 mull (lapping); 研磨劑lapping compound; 研磨膏paste;

研磨機床lapping machine 拋光 polishing 拋光膏 buffing cream; 拋光輪 polishing wheel; 拋光機 polisher 珩磨 honing

珩磨輪 honing wheel; 珩磨機床honing machine;

超精加工機床 superfinishing machine; 超精加工 superfinish;

機械加工工藝過程 machining process; 工步 step of an operation; 工位 work station; 工序 process;

工藝文件 manufacturing process document; 工藝卡片 technological card; 工藝規(guī)程 process plan;

機械加工工藝卡machining process sheet; 工藝設(shè)計 technological design; 設(shè)計基準 designing datum; 工藝基準 datum features in process; 基準重合 consistency of datum feature; 基面統(tǒng)一原則 unified datum principle; 機械加工工序卡machining operation sheet; 工藝過程設(shè)計process planning;; 工藝路線process route; 工藝過程卡process sheet; 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格product specification; 產(chǎn)品用途product use; 產(chǎn)品責任product liability; 生產(chǎn)線production line;

生產(chǎn)進度計劃production schedule; 生產(chǎn)率productivity; 批量生產(chǎn)batch production;

切削cutting; 加工 machining; 工件 workpiece; 零件part; 毛坯 rough;

工藝性能 processing property;

裝配結(jié)構(gòu)得合理性 rationality of assembly structure; 零件結(jié)構(gòu)合理性 rationality of detail structure; 標準化 standardization;

先進制造技術(shù)Advanced Manufacturing Technology; 信息技術(shù)information Technology; 產(chǎn)品 product; 設(shè)計 design； 加工machining; 檢測check; 管理manage; 銷售sell; 使用use; 服務(wù)serve; 回收 reclaim;

計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)Computer Integrated Manufacturing System（CIMS）;

智能制造系統(tǒng)Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS); 精密工程 precise engineering; 成組技術(shù)group technology; 方式（法）methodology;

柔性制造系統(tǒng)Flexible Manufacturing System（FMS）; 數(shù)控機床numerically controlled machine tool;

加工中心Machining Center（MC）;

計算機數(shù)字控制computerized numerical control (CNC); 自動換刀裝置automatic tool changer（ATC）; 直接數(shù)字控制Direct numerical control（DNC）; 分布式數(shù)字控制Distributed numerical control（DNC）; 群控DNC;

單機自動化stand-alone automatization 自動機床Automatic machine; 組合機床 combination machine; 專用機床special machine; NC鉆床NC drilling machine NC磨床NC grinding machine ; NC車床NC lathe

臥式加工制造中心horizontal machine center; 立式加工制造中心 vertical machine center; 車間shop floor; 庫存inventory; 工藝process; 分類classification; 編碼系統(tǒng)coding system; 零件外型part configuration; 工藝規(guī)劃process planning; 單元式制造cellular manufacturing; 小車維修站Cart maintenance station; 零件清洗站Parts wash station; 裝卸站Unload station; 回收系統(tǒng)Recovery system; 小車轉(zhuǎn)彎站 Cart turnaround station； 集成化integration 協(xié)調(diào)tradeoff;

成族零件family-of-part;

換刀裝置Tool changer;

機床控制裝置machine control unit; 組裝線 Assembly line;

先進制造運行模式Advanced Manufacturing Operation Model; 計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems（CIMS）;

精益生產(chǎn)(LP亦稱精良生產(chǎn))Lean Production; 敏捷制造Agile Manufacturing（AM）; 綠色制造Green Manufacturing;

計算機幫助設(shè)計Computer Aided Design(CAD); 計算機幫助制造Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM);

計算機幫助工藝過程設(shè)計Computer Aided process planning(CAPP); 物料需求計劃Material Requirements Planning（MRP）; 計算機幫助教育Computer Aided Education (CAE); 虛擬制造Virtual Manufacturing(VM); 并行工程Concurrent Engineering (CE); 面向裝配得設(shè)計 Design For Assembly(DFA); 面向制造得設(shè)計 Design For Manufacturing(DFM);

特種加工（NTM）Nontraditional Manufacturing;

一、電火花加工

電火花加工spark-erosion machining;

電火花線切割加工 electrical discharge wire – cutting; 電火花穿孔spark-erosion drilling; 電火花雕刻spark-erosion carving;

二、電解加工

電解加工Electrolytic machining;

三、超聲波加工

超聲波加工 Ultrasonic machining; 變幅桿Transducer nose 銅墊圈Copper washer;

放大刀具夾持器Amplifying tool holder 超聲波振動Ultrasonic vibration; 銀釬焊Sliver braze; 仿形刀具 Shaped tool; 蠟焊縫Wax weld 支持材料Backup material; 磨料懸浮液Abrasive slurry; 吸入管Suction line

四、激光加工

激光加工Laser processing; 激光束加工Laser beam machining 激光切割 laser cutting 激光打孔 laser drilling; 激光焊接 laser welding;